36-Bringing Material Concepts into Conventional Biorefineries: Considerations of Sources, Preparations, and Applications of Lignin Nanomaterials
writer：Zhenyu Yan, Bing Song, Guigan Fang, Ting Wu, Nan Chen, Mengke Zhao, Xiuxiu Zou, and Guangfu Liao*
keywords：Biopolymers,Nanomaterials,Nanoparticles,Organic polymers,Solvents
source：期刊
specific source：https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02954
Issue time：2021年
Lignocellulosic biomass has been widely considered as a renewable source for bioproducts and bioenergy production via various biorefinery techniques. Much effort has been taken for the valorization of carbohydrate compositions (cellulose and hemicellulose). Until recently, lignin has started to gain increasing attention as a renewable source that can be valorized to high-value products. It has unique advantages including low-cost, flexible modifiability, and wide compatibility that can be used for diverse purposes. The valorization of lignin into novel nanomaterials is a recent research endeavor that promises opportunities to increase the overall economy of conventional biorefineries, thus promoting the development of a circular bioeconomy, while its suitability for nanomaterial preparation and application is significantly related to its sources. To support the successful integration of conventional biorefineries and lignin nanomaterial preparation and utilization, this review first identify major biorefineries which produce lignin as byproducts, summarizes major preparation and applications of lignin, and then raises considerations and suggestions on the suitability of different lignin sources for nanomaterial preparation and application. Finally, some key challenges and perspectives are proposed for advancing the integration of lignin nanomaterials production and conventional biorefineries toward near-complete valorization of lignocellulosic biomass.