Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Dihydropyridine and Their Corresponding Fused Systems via Multi‐Component Hantzsch Reaction Using Catalytic Nanomaterials
writer：Gnanamani L, Shareefa bee A, Madhu S, Venkatesan K, Annamalai P, Jianli W, Mohamad Ali
keywords：1,4-Dihydropyridine，Hantzsch synthesis ， Multicomponent reaction，Nanocatalysts，Sustainable chemistry
source：期刊
specific source：ChemistrySelect
Issue time：2024年
1,4-二氫吡啶（1,4-DHPs） 是一類結構多樣的吡啶衍生有機化合物，因其廣泛的合成應用價值和顯著的藥物相關性而備受關注。經典的 Hantzsch 二氫吡啶合成法仍是構建此類雜環骨架的核心方法。近期創新技術徹底革新了 Hantzsch 二氫吡啶及其結構類似物的合成方案。本綜述系統評述了 1,4-DHPs、1,8-二氧十氫吖啶（AD）和多氫喹啉（PHQ）合成領域的前沿進展，重點探討了以醛類、β-酮酯和銨鹽為前體的新興多組分反應（MCR）策略。
特別值得注意的是，本文著重介紹了基于先進納米催化體系的突破性進展，包括磁性納米雜化材料、納米結構復合材料、過渡金屬氧化物、表面工程納米粒子及生態兼容型納米生物材料。納米催化劑的策略性應用展現出增強的結構精確性與催化性能，標志著向可持續合成化學的范式轉變。通過對納米催化劑介導的合成路徑進行批判性分析，本研究闡明了其在優化 1,4-DHPs 合成反應動力學、區域選擇性和整體工藝效率中的機制作用。文中提出的發現為采用定制納米催化劑的下一代 Hantzsch 反應工程奠定了基礎，有望為 1,4-DHP 衍生藥效團的綠色合成開辟新途徑。
1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) represent a versatile class oforganic compounds derived from pyridines, recognized fortheir extensive synthetic applications and significant medi-cal significances. Among the various synthetic methodologiesavailable, the Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis is particularlynotable as it provides a reliable approach to the produc-tion of these compounds. Recent advancements have markedlyimproved the synthetic pathways leading to Hantzsch dihy-dropyridines and their derivatives. This review aims to thor-oughly examine the recent progress in the synthesis of 1,4-DHPs, 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridines (AD), and polyhydroquino-lines (PHQ). Emphasis is placed on novel synthetic strategiesreported in recent years, specifically those that employ mul-ticomponent reactions involving aldehydes, β-ketoesters, andammonium salts. Furthermore, these reactions are catalyzedby various nanocatalysts, including magnetic nanoparticles,nanocomposites, metal oxides, functionalized nanoparticles, andother environmentally friendly nanobiomaterials. The applica-tion of nanocatalysts in these processes is underscored by theircontributions to structural integrity and activity enhancement,indicative of a paradigm shifts towards more sustainable andefficient synthetic methodologies. This review consolidates andassesses various synthetic routes facilitated by nanocatalystswhile elucidating their distinct roles in improving the efficiencyand selectivity of 1,4-DHP synthesis. Hence, this review may pavethe way for advancements in Hantzsch reactions by employingnanomaterial catalysts for the sustainable production of 1,4-DHP derivatives.
